Carbon Footprint Analysis & CCUS
Welcome to Gas oil energy prosper e.K., where we specialize in carbon footprint analysis and CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) solutions. We offer comprehensive services aimed at assessing and reducing the carbon footprint of businesses and industries.
Low-carbon emission assets include:
Oil, gas, and coal extraction assets with carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology installed.
Blue hydrogen production assets with CCS installed.
Green hydrogen production using renewable power.
Biofuel production assets.
Wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, biomass, nuclear power production assets.
Steel furnaces using electric arc furnace.
Direct reduced iron running on hydrogen and biogas.
Blast oxygen furnaces with CCS.
Cement kilns with biomass or coal and gas kilns with fly ash and/or CCS.
Electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, electric charging stations and hydrogen refueling stations.
Heating equipment run on low-carbon electricity or biomass.
Heat pumps, some district heating.
Non fossil fuel-based cooking technology.
Retrofits for energy efficiency.
Investment in greenhouse gas efficient farming practices for example electric tractors, land restoration, and afforestation.
High-carbon-emissions assets include:
Oil, gas, and coal extraction, refining and power production assets without CCS/CCUS technology installed.
Grey hydrogen production assets.
Steel blast oxygen furnaces.
Cement coal and gas kilns.
Internal combustion engines and vehicles.
Fossil fuel heating and cooking equipment (boilers, some district heating, gas stoves).
CCUS
Recognizing the fact that we are still likely to use petroleum products to meet the growing demand for energy, the Paris Agreement was signed by several countries to set a framework for limiting emissions and removing CO2 from the atmosphere. CCUS presents a great opportunity for the oil and gas industries as the captured CO2 can be stored underground to enhance oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with CO2 has increased recovery from some oil reservoirs by an additional 4 to 15 percentage points over primary and secondary recovery efforts.
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS or CCS) captures CO2 and either uses it in industrial processes or stores it permanently, thus preventing its release into the atmosphere. Although there are challenges associated with the CCUS industry, the oil and gas industry has experience in transporting and injecting CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs through EOR.
The CCUS industry can benefit from the oil and gas industry's EOR experience; however, there is a fundamental difference between EOR and CCUS regarding the type of CO2 used in both processes. The industrial CO2 stream contains several impurities, mainly comprising CO2 (92-95%), methane (0.2-9%), nitrogen (0.2-4%), hydrogen sulfide (0.002-0.09%), and very small percentages of water and oxygen.
For enhanced oil recovery, the CO2 used must have uniform specifications with minimal impurities to minimize damage and contamination of reservoir fluids. CO2 streams with minimal impurities and controlled conditions will pose fewer operational issues. In a typical CCUS project, CO2 from various industries like fertilizer, cement, steel, refining, and power generation is transported to a collection hub. The CO2 stream from different processes will have varying impurities and concentrations. CO2, along with impurities such as sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide, has not been widely transported and injected into oil and gas reservoirs, and their impact on pipeline infrastructure, injector wells, casing, and tubing is still under research.
Removing impurities from CO2 before transportation affects the cost and overall economics of the project. Understanding the effect of impurities on operations is crucial. Impurities can be categorized into three types: those that tend to precipitate water, promoting corrosion; those that react with each other to form corrosive mixtures; and those whose impacts are not yet known.
The CCUS application requires a technological breakthrough for the profitable utilization of captured CO2 in concrete enrichment and the permanent sequestration of CO2 from various sources. CO2 must be compressed to a supercritical state and injected underground into permeable and porous geologic strata. This geologic formation must be capped by an impermeable rock layer to seal in the injected CO2. The CO2 will remain isolated for long periods and will eventually convert into minerals.
There are two main reasons for using CO2 as an enhanced oil recovery fluid: it is miscible with reservoir oil, and it is less expensive than other fluids with similar characteristics. When compressed CO2 is injected into an oil reservoir, it becomes mutually soluble with the oil, particularly when the oil contains a significant volume of light hydrocarbons. However, if reservoir pressure falls below a certain value, CO2 will no longer be miscible with the oil. Therefore, the pressure of a depleted reservoir must be considered when evaluating its suitability for CO2 injection. When injected CO2 and residual oil are miscible, the physical forces holding the two phases apart disappear, effectively eliminating interfacial tension. This allows the CO2 to displace the oil from the rock pores, pushing it toward a producing well. Additionally, as CO2 dissolves in the oil, it reduces the oil's viscosity, further improving the efficiency of the displacement process.
Our experienced team conducts detailed analyses to quantify greenhouse gas emissions and identify areas for improvement. Through CCUS technologies, we provide innovative solutions for capturing, utilizing, and safely storing carbon dioxide to mitigate its impact on the environment.
Whether you're seeking to achieve carbon neutrality, comply with regulations, or enhance sustainability practices, Gas oil energy prosper e.K. is your trusted partner. Join us in addressing climate challenges and advancing towards a low-carbon future through effective carbon footprint analysis and CCUS strategies. Together, we can make a meaningful impact on climate change and create a more sustainable world.